• Determines the substance's potential to cause immediate harm after a single exposure, providing crucial information for hazard classification and initial risk assessment.
• Required by regulatory agencies to establish safe starting doses for further toxicity studies and to identify substances requiring immediate risk management.

• Identifies substances capable of damaging DNA, which can lead to mutations and cancer. Crucial for assessing long-term safety and carcinogenic potential.
• Regulatory requirement to ensure the safety of pharmaceuticals, food additives, and industrial chemicals, belong prevent potential harm to human health and the environment.

• Evaluates the effects of prolonged exposure to a substance, mimicking real-world scenarios and assessing cumulative toxicity. Vital for understanding chronic health risks.
• Provides critical data for setting exposure limits, informing risk assessments, and guiding regulatory decisions regarding safe usage levels in various applications.

• Examines how the body absorbs, distributes, metabolises and eliminates a substance (ADME). Crucial for predicting its behaviour in humans and optimising dosage regimens.
• Essential for understanding bioavailability, potential drug interactions, and metabolic pathways, guiding the development of safe and effective pharmaceuticals.

• Identifies substances capable of causing cancer, providing essential data for risk management and regulatory decision-making.
• Regulatory requirement for pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and industrial chemicals to protect public health and minimise exposure to carcinogens.

• Evaluates the potential of a substance to harm reproductive organs, impair fertility, or cause developmental defects. Critical for protecting maternal and foetal health.
• Essential for assessing risks to human reproduction and guiding regulatory decision regarding the use of chemicals in consumer products and environmental management.

• Assess the impact of a substance on the immune system, crucial for identifying immunosuppressive agents or allergens and understanding their potential health effects.
• Helps ensure the safety of pharmaceuticals, vaccines and environmental chemicals. Particularly important for vulnerable populations with compromised immune systems.

• Identifies substances capable of damaging the nervous system, including the brain and peripheral nerves, crucial for protecting cognitive function and neurological health.
• Essential for assessing the safety of drugs, pesticides and industrial chemicals to prevent neurodevelopmental disorders, cognitive impairment, and neurodegenerative diseases.

• Determines if a substance can trigger allergic reactions upon skin contact, crucial for preventing skin sensitisation and allergic dermatitis in humans.
• Regulatory requirement to ensure the safety of medicines, cosmetics, personal care products, and chemicals used in consumer goods, minimising the risk of skin sensitisation and related health issues.

• Identifies substances that can cause skin irritation or damage upon exposure to light. Critical for assessing the safety of topical medications, cosmetics, and chemicals used in sunscreens.
• Helps protect human health by preventing phytotoxic reactions, including sunburn, photosensitivity and photo dermatitis caused by exposure to photosensitising agents.

• Evaluates the compatibility of a substance with blood components, essential for ensuring the safety and efficacy of medical devices, implants, and blood-contacting materials.
• Regulatory requirement to minimise the risk of adverse reactions such as clotting, haomolysis and thrombosis, which can lead to serious complications in patients.

• Assess the effects of a substance on various organ systems, providing critical data for understanding systemic toxicity and guiding risk assessments.
• essential for evaluating the safety of pharmaceuticals, chemicals and consumer products to protect human health and minimise the risk of adverse effects on organ function.

• Evaluates the adverse effects of inhaling a substance, crucial for assessing respiratory toxicity and guiding risk management strategies for occupational and environmental exposures.
• Regulatory requirement for assessing the safety of inhaled pharmceuticals, occupational chemicals and environmental pollutants to prevent respiratory disorders and lung damage.

• Assesses the compatibility of a substance with biological systems. Crucial for ensuring the safety and performance of medical devices, implants and biomaterials.
• Essential for preventing adverse reactions such as inflammation, infection, and tissue rejection, ensuring the biocompatibility and long-term viability of biomedical products and therapies.

• Advisory services for understanding regulatory requirements and pathways.
• Assistance with the preparation on nonclinical sections for regulatory submissions.

Comprehensive risk assessment reports highlighting potential areas of concern and proposed mitigation strategies.

Detailed plans for managing and mining risk during the pre-IND phase.